EEC provides essential guidance for technicians tasked with replacing and installing catalytic converters. Understanding the role of these components is vital for ensuring optimal vehicle performance, fuel efficiency, and emission control.
The Role of the Catalytic Converter
A catalytic converter is crucial in reducing harmful emissions from a vehicle’s exhaust system. With the introduction of European emission control standards (Euro I, II, III, IV, V, and the latest Euro VI), catalytic converters have become increasingly complex and essential for controlling pollutants.
In European Community countries, all new petrol and diesel vehicles are legally required to be equipped with catalytic converters. These components play a vital role in managing exhaust back pressure, which directly influences engine efficiency and emissions.
Why Correct Installation is Crucial
Using the correct catalytic converter ensures that the engine maintains the ideal air-fuel mixture, delivering maximum power, optimal fuel efficiency, and effective emission control. Additionally, it helps prolong the life of vital engine components such as exhaust valves, EGR valves, silencers, and lambda sensors.
EEC always recommend fitting new lambda sensors. If the smell of sulphur persists change the brand of fuel as some brands have more Sulphur depending where the creued oil was located. We recommend a 4 gas test is carried out once the new cat is fitted. The values should be: CO<0.20. CO2 13.5>. HC <15 PPM O2<0.20 and lambda between. 0.99 and 1.01
Emission Control
The primary function of the catalytic converter is to reduce pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. Achieving this requires precise backpressure within the system. Catalytic converters are engineered to refine exhaust gases, ensuring cleaner emissions before they exit the vehicle.
Noise Reduction
While catalytic converters themselves are not noise-reducing components, their condition can influence overall exhaust system performance. Porosity or damage to the surrounding exhaust system can reduce the efficiency of the catalytic converter, making it vital to use the correct system and have it fitted by a qualified technician.
The Impact of Incorrect Back Pressure
Low Back Pressure:
If the exhaust system has reduced back pressure (due to leaks or internal deterioration), exhaust gases escape too quickly during the combustion process. This can result in unburnt fuel entering the catalytic converter, potentially damaging its monolith structure.
High Back Pressure:
If the system develops excessive back pressure (from blockages or internal damage), exhaust gases may remain trapped in the combustion chamber. This disrupts the correct fuel-to-air ratio (1:14.7), resulting in incomplete combustion, reduced engine power, and potential damage to exhaust valves and the catalytic
converter.
Preventative Maintenance
Regular inspections are crucial to identify and address exhaust system issues before they escalate. Replacing deteriorating components early can prevent costly damage to critical engine parts.
Managing Vibrations
Excessive vibration is a common cause of catalytic converter failure. This issue often arises from worn exhaust rubber supports or failing engine mountings. When replacing a catalytic converter, always install new mounting components to prevent vibration-related damage.
By following these guidelines, technicians can ensure effective installation, improved vehicle performance, and enhanced component longevity.
